2016-11-08 | 小编:Hosea | 4 |
托福口语的语调包括轻重读、声调、节奏、连读和弱读几个部分,它们在表意、流畅度、自然度等几个方面起到重要作用。其中,连读和弱读现象因在汉语中基本不存在,常成为中国托福考生的发音难点;另外,在听力中,能分辨连弱读也能增强我们的理解能力;本文就来说一说它们。
一、连读
1.“辅音+元音”型连读
在一个意群里,若相邻两词中的前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
eg: (“~”表示可连读)
I'm~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked in~an~office yesterday.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
2.“r/re+元音”型连读
在一个意群里,若前一个词以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这时的r或re要发/r/且与后面的元音拼起来连读。
eg:
They're my father~and mother.
I looked for~it here~and there.
There~are some books on the desk.
Here~is a letter for you.
Where~are your brother~and sister?
Tip:如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不连读。
eg: The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.
3.“元音+元音”型连读
在一个意群里,若前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个元音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。前词以/u/结尾的的,两词之间仿佛加入了半元音/w/;前词以/i/结尾的,两词之间仿佛加入了半元音/j/。
eg:
I~am a Chinese girl.
He~is very friendly to me.
My~uncle wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can't carry~it.
Do~it again. Go~over the exercise.
It'll take you three~hours to walk there.
The question is too~easy for him to answer.
4.当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,不同意群之间的词不可连读。
eg:
Is~it a~hat or a cat?
There~is~a good book in my desk.
Can you speak~English or French?
Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning?
She opened the door and walked~in.
二、弱读
在一个意群里,前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以辅音开头,后一个辅音发音,前一个弱化。
1.爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)后面直接跟另外一个爆破音、破擦音(/t∫/,/dʒ/)或鼻辅音(/m/,/n/)时,该爆破音则会失去爆破,即做出要爆破的动作,形成闭塞但不发出音。
eg: act two, good picture, a short night
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.
2.如果爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)后面直接跟的是摩擦音(/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/ɵ/,/ð/,/ʃ/,/ʒ/)时,这个爆破音会有很轻微的爆破,即不完全爆破。
eg: breakfast, advice, exciting, help this man, lift the veil
3.弱读现象的特例:/h/
在一个意群里,前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以/h/开头时,/h/音被击穿,辅音与/h/后面的元音连读。
eg: ask h\im, let h\im, reach h\im, has h\e, could h\e, like h\er
以上便是英语口语中连读和弱读的要点,多多练习吧。
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