在全面分析剑桥雅思真题集4-11所收录的段落标主旨匹配题后，笔者发现绝大部分此类题的正确答案都可以通过找到段落的主题句而获得，但有些段落的句子安排以及正确选项的归纳并没有考生期待得那么简单。

　　然而，考生在解答此类题型时，通常习惯于机械地去阅读各个段落的首句、第二句或者最后一句来寻找各个段落的主题句。就这一问题，本文试图归纳这些特殊段落的特点，并通过具体示例来分析应对策略。

　　第一类特殊段落结构：文章段落内容均为并列的细节性信息，无主旨句。

　　策略：略读细节内容，若段落中有逻辑衔接词，可利用逻辑衔接词来辅助解题；若无则需归纳细节信息，找出共性或目的，并将其与选项中的关键词进行对照，与细节信息所表达的内容相同的选项即为正确答案。

　　例：Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 Hurricanes are becoming more frequent. (C822 The Little Ice Age)

　　分析：很明显，此段首句，第二句和尾句均为细节性信息描述；且段落内部也无明显的表转折，让步，递进或结论性的逻辑衔接词，无法利用逻辑衔接词帮助解题。但考生可通过段落中所例举的细节信息：forest and woodland fell, intensive land clearance, the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas 归纳其均为人类活动导致气候变化的活动，而这一点正好跟选项 Human impact on the climate 相吻合。

　　第二类特殊段落结构：文章段落本身有主题句（通常主题句笼统而抽象），但正确选项并未根据主题句归纳。

　　策略：继续读主题句后面部分的扩展句（对主题句起支持或进一步解释说明的句子），正确选项往往就是对扩展句具体涉及内容的概括。

　　例：However, smell is not simply a biological and psychological phenomenon. Smell is cultural; hence it is a social and historical phenomenon. Odors are invested with cultural values: smells that are considered to be offensive in some cultures may be perfectly acceptable in others. Therefore, our sense of smell is a means of, and model for, interacting with the world. Different smells can provide us with intimate and emotionally charged experiences and the value that we attach to these experiences is interiorized by the members of society in a deeply personal way. Importantly, our commonly held feelings about smells can help distinguish us from other cultures. The study of the cultural history of smell is, therefore, in a very real sense, an investigation into the essence of human culture. ( C823 )

　　分析：不难看出，划线的句子作为本段的主旨句，具有概括性（气味具有文化意义）。如果正确选项是依据此句来归纳的话，那理应包含cultural这样的词语。可事实是，所给选项中没有一项涉及此类词。单纯找主题句看来对于这个段落已不适用。继续往后读，我们发现后面内容为详细解释并给出结论：气味能够区别不同文化种群。由此，答案锁定为 The interpretation of smells as a factor in defining groups.

　　第三类特殊段落结构：通过递进的结构(多为not only…but also, also，apart from) 来添加新的信息，通常起启下的作用－引出新观点。

　　策略：重点关注这些词后所跟的内容，其一般为作者要强调的内容。

　　例： Although the language of 'rights' sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care. ( though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a …. (C433 The Problem of Scarce Resources)

　　分析：此段第一句里面的people have a right to health-care 仍是在重复上一段话内容，文章作者不可能在此段仍重复讲解上段的内容；并且读者可发现文章作者在后面紧接着用also 引出一个新观点，并就该观点在后面花费大量篇幅来阐释，故为作者所强调的内容，这种写作手法是典型的通过过度句引出新内容。结合选项，故The role of the state in health-care 为正确答案。

　　总之，虽然雅思阅读文章的各段落大部分按照总分，分总或者总分总的框架去展开，但段落主旨题并不能机械地去按照第一句，第二句或者最后一句的方法去解题。我们可以合理利用句间的逻辑衔接词，段落中的高频词汇以及句中的指代关系去破题。